Young adult psychological outcome after puberty suppression and gender reassignment.
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND In recent years, puberty suppression by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs has become accepted in clinical management of adolescents who have gender dysphoria (GD). The current study is the first longer-term longitudinal evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach. METHODS A total of 55 young transgender adults (22 transwomen and 33 transmen) who had received puberty suppression during adolescence were assessed 3 times: before the start of puberty suppression (mean age, 13.6 years), when cross-sex hormones were introduced (mean age, 16.7 years), and at least 1 year after gender reassignment surgery (mean age, 20.7 years). Psychological functioning (GD, body image, global functioning, depression, anxiety, emotional and behavioral problems) and objective (social and educational/professional functioning) and subjective (quality of life, satisfaction with life and happiness) well-being were investigated. RESULTS After gender reassignment, in young adulthood, the GD was alleviated and psychological functioning had steadily improved. Well-being was similar to or better than same-age young adults from the general population. Improvements in psychological functioning were positively correlated with postsurgical subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS A clinical protocol of a multidisciplinary team with mental health professionals, physicians, and surgeons, including puberty suppression, followed by cross-sex hormones and gender reassignment surgery, provides gender dysphoric youth who seek gender reassignment from early puberty on, the opportunity to develop into well-functioning young adults.
منابع مشابه
Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender identity disorder: a prospective follow-up study.
INTRODUCTION Puberty suppression by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) is used for young transsexuals between 12 and 16 years of age. The purpose of this intervention is to relieve the suffering caused by the development of secondary sex characteristics and to provide time to make a balanced decision regarding actual gender reassignment. AIM To compare psychological fun...
متن کاملPuberty Suppression Followed by Cross-sex Hormones and Gender Reassignment Surgery: A Prospective Follow-up of Gender Dysphoric Adolescents into Adulthood
Objective: To assess long term outcome of adolescents with a gender identity disorder (GID). Design: Longitudinal cohort study with two assessments: pre-treatment (PreT), shortly after their initial attendance at the gender identity clinic and post-treatment (PostT), at least one year after gender reassignment surgery (GRS). Setting: Gender identity clinic. Participants: Twenty-seven young adul...
متن کاملSex reassignment: outcomes and predictors of treatment for adolescent and adult transsexuals.
BACKGROUND We prospectively studied outcomes of sex reassignment, potential differences between subgroups of transsexuals, and predictors of treatment course and outcome. METHOD Altogether 325 consecutive adolescent and adult applicants for sex reassignment participated: 222 started hormone treatment, 103 did not; 188 completed and 34 dropped out of treatment. Only data of the 162 adults were...
متن کاملThe endocrine treatment of transsexual adolescents
Hormonal treatment of transsexual adolescents is controversial. Whereas gender identity in childhood is not stable, adolescence is often a crucial phase in the development of a persons’ gender identity. Hormonal treatment in transsexual adolescents may avoid the development of or a worsening of psychiatric co-morbidity, leads to superior cosmetic results, and is therefore strongly indicated. Re...
متن کاملPuberty Suppression in a Gender-Dysphoric Adolescent: A 22-Year Follow-Up
Puberty suppression by means of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs is considered a diagnostic aid in gender dysphoric adolescents. However, there are also concerns about potential risks, such as poor outcome or post-surgical regret, adverse effects on metabolic and endocrine status, impaired increment of bone mass, and interference with brain development. This case report is on a 22-...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Pediatrics
دوره 134 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014